The Pennsylvania state constitution, written in 1790, calls for free public education, but only for poor children, assuming that the rich will pay for their own children's schooling. Under the constitution, education was relegated to individual states. The law created townships, reserving a portion of each township for a local school. Constitution was ratified, the Continental Congress passed a law calling for a survey of the Northwest Territory, which included what was to become the state of Ohio. Over a century later in 1779, Thomas Jefferson proposed the opening of new secondary schools to provide segregated secondary schools with different tracks in his words for "the laboring and the learned." The new academies would be practical in nature but allow a few of the working class to advance by "raking a few geniuses from the rubbish." Elementary schools were to be formed in every town with 50 or more families, and every town with at least 100 families would have to provide a Latin Grammar School. In 1647, Massachusetts again passed a law that required communities to establish some type of public schooling system. In 1642, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was able to pass a law to require parents to make sure that their children were able to read, which required some form of elementary education. This was the start of a secondary education system. The colony ordered in the English Protestant Tutor, retitled as The New England Primer, to be used as a textbook. The length of the school day varied with the seasons, but there was a shortage of Latin speakers available to become teachers because the job was unattractive due to low status and low pay. The schools prepared boys for the law or the church. Boston Latin School was initially a private school, so although it did become the first public high school, a school system in Dedham, Massachusetts was the first to be supported by public taxation. The Royal High School was used as a model for the first public high school in the United States, Boston Latin School, founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1635. The first institution labeled as a "high school" was Edinburgh's Royal High School in Scotland, which was founded in 1128. The first taxpayer-funded public school in the United States was in Dedham, Massachusetts.
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